A quarterly refereed medical journal that publishes theoretical and applied research contributing to the advancement of medical and health sciences knowledge. Issued by Sawa University / Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research in Iraq, and accredited for scientific promotions. All submitted manuscripts undergo peer review prior to publication. Submitted studies must not be under consideration elsewhere or previously published. The Sawa Medical Journal (SMJ) provides free open-access access to its contents, and authors are permitted to archive and share the accepted final versions of their publications.