Therapeutic Efficacy of Topical Sesame and Garlic Ointment Extract on Second-Degree Burn Wounds in Rabbits: A Comparative Histopathological Study
May 31, 2026Histochemical study of the Jujenum in two types of bird’s Guinea fowl (Numidia meleagris) and Falcon (F. tinnunculus)
May 31, 2026Tamarah H. Ahmed1
, Noor H. Al-Mousawi2
1Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Wasit, Wasit, Iraq
2Department of Pathological Analysis, College of Science, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome ( PCOS ) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders and
metabolic ailments in women of childbearing age. Also, now, closely related to the biology and clinical
severity of PCOS is the insulin resistance (IR).Objectives: This study was done to investigate the
immunological, hormonal, and metabolic indicators between the healthy controls, patients with PCOS and
IR, and patients with PCOS only. Methods: A case-control study involving 50 patients with PCOS having
IR ,and 50 patients with PCOS without IR and 50 as a healthy controls. Fasting blood glucose (FBG),
HOMA-IR, insulin, LH, FSH, testosterone, IL-18, TGF-β, TLR4 and adiponectin were measured and
statistically analyzed. Results: FBG (116.84 ± 14.3 mg/dL), HOMA-IR (5.47 ± 1.05) also insulin (23.87
± 4.28 mIU/L) were significantly higher with PCOS patients having IR compared to PCOS patients only
(FBG 98.88 ± 7.67, HOMO-IR 2.09 ± 0.88 ,insulin 11.83 ± 2.97 ), and control (FBG 88.20 ± 7.61, HOMOIR 1.42 ± 0.45 ,insulin 6.54 ± 2.01) .While the hormonal analysis showed that PCOS – IR exhibited a
higher level of LH (16.02 ± 4.6 mIU/mL and testosterone 116.52 ± 15.0 ng/dl) compared to PCOS patients
(LH 13.84 ± 3.78, testosterone 84.76 ± 10.7) and controls (LH 4.69 ± 0.61, testosterone 44.72 ± 9.7).While
there are no significant found in FSH between all groups .Also, The largest inflammatory load was found
in the PCOS -IR group in TLR4, TGF-β and IL-18. While, adiponectin was reduced in PCOS with IR
than in PCOS and controls. Conclusion: Such findings illustrate the interactions between metabolic
dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and inflammation in the pathophysiology of PCOS, especially in insulinresistant patients. The biomarkers may be convenient therapy indicators and the severity of the disease.
