Design and Simulation of a Simple Educational Mechanical Ventilator Using Arduino Control
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December 27, 2025Sajjad Majid Jabbar1 Alaa Majeed Raheem2, Ruqia Haydir3, Ghadeer Hussein4, Fatima Fadil5,
Atyaf Diaa6
Department of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy,
Technical Engineering College, Sawa University, Almuthanna, Iraq
Abstract
We will prepare a basic educational mechanical ventilator based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller
and simulate the process. The system simulates the inhalation and exhalation cycles by adjusting the
speed of the 12-V DC fan with pulse-width modulation (PWM). Two potentiometers were placed to
independently adjust the breathing rate (BPM) and airflow intensity, giving students practice on
ventilator control.
Experimental testing took place at approximately 10, 18, and 28 BPM, where qualitative airflow
observations yielded stable and repeatable cyclic patterns under all the conditions. These results confirm
that the prototype model can be used to simulate the basic mechanism of mechanical ventilation more
cost-effectively and with simpler application, so that it can be of interest to biomedical engineering and
medical physics education. It serves as an accessible platform for studying ventilator timing, modulation
control, and basic respiratory simulation.
