Saja nabeel taqi1. Hawraa Dheyaa Raswal2, Ameer Mohammed Ridhab3
1.2.3Department of Laboratory and Clinical Sciences , Faculty of Pharmacy, Jabir Ibn Hayyan
University for Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Al-Najaf, Iraq.

Abstract
Dumping syndrome is a set of gastrointestinal symptoms initially explored in individuals after peptic ulcer
surgery. Currently, it is more common among individuals who have undergone upper gastrointestinal
cancer, bariatric or anti-reflux surgery. The symptomatology includes early as well as late dumping
symptoms. Symptoms happening after 15 minutes to 1 hour after of meal ingestion in early dumping
syndrome are primarily gastrointestinal and result from osmotically induced fluid changes from the
bloodstream to the intestinal lumen. The symptoms of late dumping syndrome occurring 1 to 3 hours
postprandially are primarily vasomotor in nature. They result from reactive hypoglycemia triggered by
high insulin production that compensates excessively for the glucose influx into the portal circulation.
Current guidelines advocate for the assessment of heart rate, doing laboratory analyses, and juxtaposing
these results with diagnostic standards through a provocation test utilizing a glucose solution. Dumping
syndrome is diagnosed through symptoms that worsen postprandially, provocation tests, laboratory
evaluations, gastric surgery history, or inherent conditions of rapid stomach…emptying.
The majority of dumping syndrome cases are effectively managed with dietary modifications. If dietary
modifications are ineffective, the healthcare professional may suggest medical or surgical procedures;
however, the efficacy of these approaches is not well proven.

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