Zahraa N. K. Al Aboudi , Huda B. Hussein

Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Wasit, Wasit, Iraq

Abstract

Chronic Renal failure refer to notable functional and structural kidney abnormalities from a variety of causes. The most prominent are low calcium level and high phosphorus level in the blood. Several health problems, such as osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, and nervous system problems are result from. The present study aimed  to determine the fluctuation in calcium and phosphor levels in CKD patients during  hemodialysis and expected health consequences. Totally, 100 patients diagnosed clinically and biochemically with renal failure and subjected to dialysis in addition to 50 healthy adult volunteers total number of samples is 100. In terms of sex distribution, the patient group study included 60 males (60%) and 40 females (40%). The study’s outcomes, found that 94% of the studied group had elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations after the dialysis session with a mean of (376.166pg/ml)  The current study also noticed that CKD patients had a very significant rise in blood phosphorus levels when compared to the  references values (>4.5 mg/dL). Approximately, 80% of Patients with chronic renal failure have high phosphorus levels  versus 20 % within normal reference interval. On the other hand, 60% of patients have low calcium levels (<8.5 mg/dL). This study demonstrates a  significant  association between calcium and phosphor  in parathyroid hormones, there is a strong direct relationship between high phosphorus levels (hyperphosphatemia) and increased parathyroid gland (PTH) activity in hemodialysis patients, as phosphorus retention and a deficiency of active vitamin D stimulate the gland to secrete more hormone, causing bone and cardiovascular complications. Dietary and therapeutic control of phosphorus is vital.

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