Nano-Enhanced Phase Change Materials for Thermal Management of Medical Devices: A Focused Review on Finned Latent Heat Buffers, Cycling Performance, and Design Optimization
December 1, 2025Assessment of Radon Concentrations and Annual Effective Dose in Potable Water of Al-Khidhir District, Southern Iraq: A Radiological Risk Evaluation
December 1, 2025Ibrahim F. Ataya1, Ahmed A. Sharrad2, Khayrat R. Lahmud3
1,2,3Department of Radiology and Ultrasound Technologies, College of Health & Medical Technology,
Sawa University, Almuthana, Iraq
Abstract
Giardiasisa common diarrheal illness that has major health consequences worldwide, particularly in
developing nations, is caused by the flagellated intestinal protozoan Giardia lamblia. The primary
diagnostic technique is still conventional microscopy, although it frequently has low sensitivity and
operator dependence. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) relative to light microscopy for detecting G. lamblia in diarrheic patients in Al-Muthanna
Province, Iraq, and to analyse the distribution of infection concerning demographic and environmental
factors. During a six-months period, 100 stool samples were collected from patients with diarrhoea
receiving treatment at Al-Rumaitha General Hospital and the Maternity and Childrens Hospital. Samples
underwent microscopic examination, subsequently followed by reexamination using PCR to target the
small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of G. lamblia. Microscopic analysis revealed intestinal parasites in
34.4% of samples, with G. lamblia as the predominant species at 53.8%. PCR analysis detected G.
lamblia DNA in 96% of samples, demonstrating enhanced sensitivity. Men (54.2%) exhibited a higher
propensity for infections, with children under age of ten being the most susceptible. Sequencing analysis
revealed minimal genetic variation (0.01-0.002%) among isolates, which are stored in GenBank
(OL719308). In conclusion, PCR is a dependable and highly sensitive technique for diagnosing
giardiasis that can supplant microscopy. The elevated infection rates among rural children underscore
the necessity of improving sanitation, hygiene education, and access to potable water in Al-Muthanna
Province.
